Kwinkalo yezonyango zanamhlanje, ithambo elingengowamvelo, njengobugcisa obubalulekileyo bezonyango, liye lazisa ithemba elitsha kwizigulana ezininzi. Ngoncedo lwesayensi yezinto kunye nobunjineli bezonyango, ithambo lokwenziwa lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni amathambo kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona. Ngelo xesha, abantu banemibuzo emininzi malunga nethambo lokwenziwa. Umzekelo, zeziphi izifo ithambo eyenziweyo ezifanelekileyo? Ngaba izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ithambo elenziwe liyingozi kumzimba womntu? Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zethambo elenziweyo? Okulandelayo, siya kuqhuba uhlalutyo olunzulu lwale miba.
Izifo ezifanelekileyo zokufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa
Itekhnoloji yokufakelwa kwethambo eyenziweyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinxulumene namathambo. Kwintsimi ye-orthopedic trauma, xa iziphene zamathambo zibangelwa ukuphuka okukhulu, ithambo lokufakelwa lingasetyenziselwa njengento yokuzalisa indawo elahlekileyo yethambo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwendawo yokuphuka. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isigulane sine-fracture evulekileyo, ithambo lonakaliswe kakhulu kwaye i-autologous bone transplant yonakaliswe, ngoko ithambo lokufakelwa linokubonelela ngenkxaso yendawo yokuphuka kunye nokudala i-microenvironment ehambelana nokukhula kweeseli zethambo.
Xa kufikwa kunyango lwethumba lamathambo, iziphene ezinkulu zamathambo zihlala zishiywe emva kokususwa kwethumba. Ukufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa ngokwenziwa kunokunceda ukubuyisela ukumila nokusebenza kwamathambo, ukugcina ingqibelelo yamalungu, nokuphepha ukukhubazeka kwamalungu okubangelwa kukulahleka kwethambo. Ukongezelela, kwi-spinal utyando, ithambo lokufakelwa lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-lumbar, i-fusion yangaphambili yomlomo wesibeleko kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuzalisa indawo ye-intervertebral, ukukhuthaza ukudibanisa kwamathambo phakathi kwe-vertebrae, ukuzinzisa isakhiwo somgogodla, kunye nokunciphisa intlungu kunye neempawu zokunyanzeliswa kwe-nerve ezibangelwa izilonda ze-intervertebral disc kunye nokungazinzi. Ukongezelela, kwezinye izigulana ezisele zikhulile ezine-osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, ithambo elifakelweyo linokuphucula amandla e-vertebral emva kokufakelwa, ukukhulula intlungu, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulane.
Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zamathambo ezenziweyo
Ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo zamathambo enziwe ngokwenziwa kugxininiso lokuqwalaselwa kwabantu. Okwangoku, izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zamathambo enziwe ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka izinto ze-bioceramic (ezifana ne-tricalcium phosphate kunye ne-hydroxyapatite), i-bioglass, izinto zetsimbi (ezifana ne-titanium alloy kunye ne-titanium) kunye nezixhobo ze-polymer (i-polylactic acid). Ezi zixhobo ziye zafumana uphando oluninzi kunye nokuqinisekiswa okungqongqo kweklinikhi ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe emzimbeni womntu.
Izinto ze-Bioceramic zine-biocompatibility efanelekileyo kunye ne-osteoconductivity. Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zabo kufana nezinto ezingaphiliyo emathanjeni abantu. Banokukhokela iiseli zethambo ukuba zikhule kwaye zihluke kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zidibanise nomzimba womntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abayi kubangela ukuchaswa kwe-immune ecacileyo. I-Bioglass nayo inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo webhayoloji kwaye inokwenza iqhina elomeleleyo lekhemikhali kunye nezicubu zethambo ukukhuthaza ukulungiswa kunye nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu zethambo. Iialloyi ze-Titanium kunye ne-titanium zinamandla aphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle kwezinto eziphilayo. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumalungu okwenziwa kunye nezixhobo zokulungiswa kwamathambo. Idatha yesicelo seklinikhi yexesha elide ikwabonisa ukuba banokhuseleko oluphezulu kakhulu. Izixhobo zepolymer ezonakeleyo zinokuhla ngokuthe ngcembe zibe ziimolekyuli ezincinci ezingenabungozi emzimbeni kwaye zenziwe i-metabolized kwaye zikhutshelwe ngumzimba womntu, ukunqanda umngcipheko wotyando lwesibini. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ezi mathiriyeli zikhuselekile ngokubanzi, ezinye izigulana zinokungadibani nezithako ezithile okanye zibe nezinye iziphumo ezibi ngenxa yokungafani komntu ngamnye.
Imiphumo emibi yethambo lokwenziwa
Nangona ithambo elifakelweyo linokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukulungiswa kwamathambo kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokubakho imiphumo emibi. Utyando lofakelo ngokwalo lunemingcipheko ethile, njengosulelo kunye nokopha. Ukuba isilonda asiphathwanga kakuhle emva kotyando, ibhaktheriya inokuhlasela indawo yotyando kwaye ibangele usulelo, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kububomvu bendawo, ukudumba, iintlungu kunye nomkhuhlane. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokuchaphazela ukuphiliswa kwethambo lokwenziwa kwaye lide lifune ukususwa kwethambo lokwenziwa ukuchithwa. Ukongezelela, emva kokufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa, ezinye izigulane zinokufumana intlungu yendawo kunye nokuvuvukala, okunokuthi kuhambelane nempendulo yoxinzelelo lomzimba emva kokufakelwa kwezinto kunye nokuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwezicubu ezijikelezayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intlungu iya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuhamba kwexesha, kodwa kwizigulane ezimbalwa, intlungu ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ichaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Ukongezelela, kuthatha ixesha elithile ukuba amathambo okwenziwa adibane namathambo abantu. Ukuba babethelwa ngamandla angaphandle okanye umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphulukisa, amathambo okwenziwa angatshintsha okanye akhulule, achaphazela umphumo wokulungisa, kwaye utyando luya kufuneka ukulungelelanisa okanye ukulungisa kwakhona. Ukongezelela, kumathambo okwenziwa awenziwe ngezinto ezichithwayo, kukho ukungafani komntu ngamnye kwinqanaba lokuthotywa kunye nenkqubo ye-metabolism yeemveliso zokunciphisa. Ukuba behla ngokukhawuleza, abanako ukunika ixesha elaneleyo lokuxhasa ukulungiswa kwamathambo. Ukuba iimveliso zokuthotywa azikwazi ukukhutshwa emzimbeni ngexesha, ziya kuqokelela kwindawo, ezinokubangela ukusabela okuvuthayo kunye nokuchaphazela ukulungiswa kwezicubu.
In ngokubanzi, ithambo lokwenziwa libonelela ngonyango olusebenzayo kwizigulane ezininzi ezinezifo zamathambo. Xa isetyenziswe phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, inokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi bezigulane. Nangona izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amathambo okwenziwa zikhuselekile ngokubanzi, kukho imingcipheko ethile kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ngenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nethekhnoloji, izixhobo ezenziwe ngamathambo kunye nobuchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuba zigqibelele ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo, ezinokuzisa izigulana amava onyango aphezulu kunye nemiphumo efanelekileyo yonyango.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-04-2025
