Isamente yamathambo e-Orthopedic sisixhobo sezonyango esisetyenziswa kakhulu kutyando lwamathambo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa ii-prostheses zamalungu ezenziweyo, ukugcwalisa imingxuma yesiphako samathambo, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nokunamathela kunyango lokwaphuka. Izalisa umsantsa phakathi kwamalungu okwenziwa kunye nezicubu zamathambo, inciphisa ukuguguleka kwaye isasaze uxinzelelo, kwaye yonyusa impembelelo yotyando lokutshintshwa kwamalungu.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusebenzisa izikhonkwane zesamente yethambo zezi:
1. Ukulungisa ukwaphuka kwamathambo: Isamente yamathambo ingasetyenziselwa ukuzalisa nokulungisa iindawo ezaphukileyo.
2. Utyando lwamathambo: Kutyando lwamathambo, isamente yamathambo isetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokwakha kwakhona iindawo zamalungu.
3. Ukulungiswa kweengxaki zamathambo: Isamente yamathambo ingazalisa iingxaki zamathambo kwaye ikhuthaze ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu zamathambo.
Ngokufanelekileyo, isamente yamathambo kufuneka ibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: (1) ukuxinwa okwaneleyo, iipropati ezicwangciswayo, ukuhlangana, kunye ne-radiopacity ukuze kube neempawu ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha; (2) amandla aneleyo oomatshini okuqinisa ngokukhawuleza; (3) ukuvuleka okwaneleyo ukuvumela ukujikeleza kolwelo, ukufuduka kweeseli, kunye nokukhula kwamathambo amatsha; (4) i-osteoconductivity elungileyo kunye ne-osteoinductivity ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamathambo amatsha; (5) ukubola okuphakathi ukuze kuhambelane nokufunxwa kwezinto zesamente yamathambo kunye nokwakheka kwamathambo amatsha; kunye (6) amandla okuhambisa amayeza ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isamente yamathambo yayisetyenziselwaijoyintiUkufakelwa kweprosthesis, kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuzalisa nokulungisa izicubu kwiingcali zamathambo kunye noogqirha bamazinyo. Okwangoku, ii-bone cement ezisetyenziswa kakhulu neziphandwe kakhulu ziquka i-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, i-calcium phosphate bone cement kunye ne-calcium sulfate bone cement. Okwangoku, iintlobo ze-bone cement ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka i-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, i-calcium phosphate bone cement kunye ne-calcium sulfate bone cement, phakathi kwazo i-PMMA bone cement kunye ne-calcium phosphate bone cement zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-calcium sulfate bone cement ayinamsebenzi wezebhayoloji kwaye ayinakwenza ii-chemical bonds phakathi kwe-calcium sulfate grafts kunye ne-bone tissue, kwaye iya konakala ngokukhawuleza. I-calcium sulfate bone cement inokufunxwa ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezintandathu emva kokufakelwa emzimbeni. Oku kuhla ngokukhawuleza akuhambelani nenkqubo yokwakheka kwamathambo. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa ne-calcium phosphate bone cement, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweklinikhi kwe-calcium sulfate bone cement kuncinci kakhulu. I-PMMA bone cement yi-acrylic polymer eyenziwe ngokuxuba izinto ezimbini: i-liquid methyl methacrylate monomer kunye ne-dynamic methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer. Ine-residue ephantsi ye-monomer, ukumelana nokudinwa okuphantsi kunye nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo, kwaye inokubangela ukwakheka kwamathambo amatsha kwaye inciphise ukwanda kweziphumo ezimbi ezibangelwa kukwaphuka okunamandla aphezulu okuxinana kunye ne-plasticity. Icandelo eliphambili lomgubo wayo yi-polymethyl methacrylate okanye i-methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, kwaye inxalenye eyintloko yolwelo yi-methyl methacrylate monomer.
Isamente yamathambo ye-PMMA inamandla amakhulu okutyhafa kunye ne-plasticity, kwaye iqina ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke izigulana zinokuvuka ebhedini zize zenze imisebenzi yokubuyisela umzimba emva kotyando. Ine-plasticity emile kakuhle, kwaye umqhubi unokwenza nayiphi na i-plasticity ngaphambi kokuba isamente yamathambo iqina. Le nto inamandla okhuseleko, kwaye ayonakaliswa okanye ayifunxwa ngumzimba womntu emva kokuba yenziwe emzimbeni. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali luzinzile, kwaye iimpawu zoomatshini ziyaqatshelwa.
Nangona kunjalo, iseneengxaki ezithile, ezinje ngokubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwithambo lomongo ngexesha lokuzaliswa, okubangela ukuba amathontsi amafutha angene emithanjeni yegazi aze abangele i-embolism. Ngokungafaniyo namathambo abantu, amalungu okwenziwa asenokukhululeka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ii-PMMA monomers zikhupha ubushushu ngexesha le-polymerization, nto leyo enokubangela umonakalo kwizicubu okanye iiseli ezingqongileyo. Izinto ezenza isamente yamathambo zine-cytotoxicity ethile, njl.
Izithako ezikwisamente yamathambo zinokubangela ii-allergy reactions, ezifana nokurhawuzelela, i-urticaria, i-dyspnea kunye nezinye iimpawu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, i-anaphylactic shock inokwenzeka. Uvavanyo lwe-allergy kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ukuze kuthintelwe ii-allergy reactions. Ii-reactions ezimbi kwisamente yamathambo ziquka i-allergy reaction yesamente yamathambo, ukuvuza kwesamente yamathambo, ukukhululeka kwesamente yamathambo kunye nokuphuma kwayo. Ukuvuza kwesamente yamathambo kunokubangela ukudumba kwezicubu kunye nee-reactions ezinobuthi, kwaye kunokonakalisa imithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi, okukhokelela kwiingxaki. Ukuqina kwesamente yamathambo kuthembekile kwaye kunokuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweminyaka elishumi, okanye nangaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini.
Utyando lwesamente yamathambo lutyando oluqhelekileyo olungenasithintelo kangako, kwaye igama lalo lesayensi yi-vertebroplasty. Isamente yamathambo yinto eyenziwe ngepolymer enobumanzi obuhle ngaphambi kokuba iqine. Ingangena ngokulula kwi-vertebrae ngenaliti yokubhoboza, ize isasazeke kwiimfanta zangaphakathi ezikhululekileyo ze-vertebrae; isamente yamathambo iyaqina kwimizuzu eli-10, incamathisele iimfanta emathanjeni, kwaye isamente yamathambo eqinileyo inokudlala indima exhasayo ngaphakathi kwamathambo, yenze i-vertebrae yomelele. Inkqubo yonke yonyango ithatha imizuzu engama-20-30 kuphela.
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka emva kokufakwa kwesamente yamathambo, kuye kwenziwa uhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo sotyando, esibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo se-vertebroplasty. Senza umngxuma omncinci emqolo wesigulane kwaye sisebenzisa inaliti ekhethekileyo yokubhoboza ukubhoboza umzimba wethambo eluswini phantsi koqwalaselo lwe-X-ray ukuze kusekwe umjelo osebenzayo. Emva koko kufakwa ibhaluni ukuze kumile umzimba wethambo oqhekekileyo ocinezelweyo, kwaye emva koko kufakwa isamente yamathambo emzimbeni wethambo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukubonakala komzimba wethambo oqhekekileyo. Ithambo elirhoxisayo emzimbeni wethambo liqiniswa ngokwandiswa kwebhaluni ukwenza umqobo wokuthintela ukuvuza kwesamente yamathambo, ngelixa kunciphisa uxinzelelo ngexesha lokufakwa kwesamente yamathambo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu ukuvuza kwesamente yamathambo. Inganciphisa ukwanda kweengxaki ezinxulumene nokuphumla kwebhedi okwaphukileyo, njenge-pneumonia, izilonda zoxinzelelo, usulelo lomchamo, njl.njl., kwaye iphephe umjikelo ombi we-osteoporosis obangelwa kukulahlekelwa ngamathambo ngenxa yokuphumla ebhedini ixesha elide.
Ukuba kwenziwe utyando lwe-PKP, isigulane kufuneka siphumle ebhedini zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-2 emva kotyando, size sijike kwi-axis. Ngeli xesha, ukuba kukho naluphi na uvakalelo olungaqhelekanga okanye intlungu iqhubeka nokuba mandundu, kufuneka ugqirha aziswe kwangethuba.
Phawula:
① Kuphephe ukujikelezisa isinqe esikhulu kunye nemisebenzi yokugoba;
② Kuphephe ukuhlala okanye ukuma ixesha elide;
③ Kuphephe ukuthwala ubunzima okanye ukugoba ukuze uthabathe izinto ezisemhlabeni;
④ Kuphephe ukuhlala esitulweni esiphantsi;
⑤ Kuthintela ukuwa nokuphinda kwaphuke.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-25-2024
