I. Kutheni le nto isikrufu esineengqayi sinemngxuma?
Zisebenza njani iinkqubo zezikrufu ezifakwe kwiikhani? Kusetyenziswa iingcingo ezibhityileyo zeKirschner (iingcingo ze-K) ezigqojozwe ethanjeni ukuze kuqondiswe iindlela zezikrufu ngokuchanekileyo kwiingceba ezincinci zamathambo.
Ukusebenzisa iintambo ze-K kuthintela ukugqobhoza imingxunya yokulinganisa kwaye kuvumela ukuqiniswa kwamathambo akufutshane ngexesha lokufakwa kwezikrufu. Izixhobo ezingenanto kunye nezikrufu ezingenanto zifakwa kwithambo phezu kweentambo ze-K. Ukuqiniswa kwezikrufu ezineecannula kuluncedo kumqolo wesibeleko ukuzinzisa ukwaphuka kwe-odontoid kunye nokunyanga ukungazinzi kwe-atlantoaxial.
Izikrufu ezinee-cannulated zinezibonelelo ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa nezikrufu ezingena-cannulated: 1) ii-K-wires zikhokela indawo ye-screw ethanjeni;
2) indlela yokutshintsha i-K-wire iyenza itshintshe indawo ngokulula ukuba indlela yokuqala yayingafanelekanga;
3) iintambo ze-K zivumela ukufakelwa okuqhubekayo kweziqwenga zamathambo ezingazinzanga ezikufutshane;
4) Iintambo ze-K zithintela ukuhamba kweziqwenga zamathambo ezingazinzanga ngexesha lokufakwa kwezikrufu.
Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-K-wire (ukuphuka, ukutshintshwa kwendawo, kunye nokuqhubela phambili) zinokuncitshiswa kusetyenziswa iindlela zokusebenza ezichanekileyo. Inkqubo yesixhobo esikhethekileyo se-cannulated screw yaphuhliswa ngokukodwa ukuze kufakwe i-cervical fixation ephezulu ukuvumela ukubhola nge-percutaneous kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinde ze-tunneling, ii-tissue sheaths, i-drill guides, kunye nee-K-wires ezinde. Ezi zixhobo zivumela ukuhanjiswa kwezikrufu ze-cannulated kwi-engile ephantsi ukuya kumqolo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezinde zezicubu ezithambileyo. Izikrufu ze-cannulated zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezikrufu ezingezizo ze-cannulated zokufakela umqolo we-cervical ongazinzanga kwinkqubo.
II. Yeyiphi engcono kunezikrufu ezinezikhonkwane okanye izikhonkwane zangaphakathi?
Zombini iinzipho ze-intramedullary kunye nezikhonkwane ezifakwe kwi-cannulated zizixhobo zonyango ezisetyenziselwa ukubethelela ngaphakathi ukwaphuka. Ngayinye inezibonelelo zayo kwaye zifanelekile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhekeka kunye neemfuno zonyango.
| Uhlobo | Inzuzo |
| I-Intramedullary Nail | Isiphumo sokubopha iinzipho ngaphakathi kwe-medullary kwizaphuko ezizinzileyo zamathambo amade silungile, kwaye ukwenzakala okuncinci kunye nokopha okuncinci. Ukubopha iinzipho ngaphakathi kwe-medullary kuxhomekeke kwizaphuko eziphakathi. Xa kuthelekiswa neepleyiti zentsimbi, iinzipho ngaphakathi kwe-medullary zinokukhusela ukuthembeka kwe-membrane engaqhelekanga, zithintele ukuphola okulibazisekileyo kokwaphuka, kwaye zidlale indima ekuphepheni usulelo. |
| Isikrufu Esifakwe I-Cannulated | Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nokuqhekeka kwentamo ye-femoral, kunye nemiphumo ekhethekileyo yokuqinisa kunye nokucinezelwa. Ngaphezu koko, umonakalo mncinci kakhulu kwaye akukho mfuneko yeepleyiti zentsimbi. |
III. Ungazisebenzisa nini izikrufu ze-cancellous vs cortical?
Izikrufu ezirhoxisiweyo kunye nezikrufu zecortical zombini ziintlobo ze-orthopedic implants ezisetyenziswa ekuqiniseni amathambo, kodwa zenzelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamathambo kwaye zinezicelo ezahlukeneyo:
Izikrufu eziKhanselayo zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwizicubu zethambo ezithambileyo, ezingaxineneyo kangako, nezitrabecular, ezifumaneka rhoqo eziphelweni zamathambo amade, njenge-femur kunye ne-tibia. Zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo apho ithambo lingenazo iimbobo kwaye lingaxinene kangako, njengeendawo ze-metaphyseal zamathambo amade. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya umqolo, i-pelvis, kunye neendawo ezithile zegxalaba kunye ne-hip.
IiCortical Screws zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwithambo le-cortical elixineneyo, elenza umaleko wangaphandle wamathambo amaninzi kwaye liqinile kwaye linamandla kunethambo elirhoxisayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo lisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kufuneka amandla amakhulu kunye nozinzo, njengakwindawo yokubopha amaqhekeza kwi-diaphysis (shaft) yamathambo amade. Zikwasetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezithile zokubopha ngaphakathi kunye neepleyiti.
Ngamafutshane, ukhetho phakathi kwezikrufu ze-cancellous neze-cortical luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethambo olulungisiweyo kunye neemfuno ezithile zenkqubo yamathambo. Izikrufu ze-cancellous zifanelekile kwithambo elithambileyo nelineembobo, ngelixa izikrufu ze-cortical zifanelekile kwithambo elixineneyo nelithwala umthwalo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-09-2025
